inundado por um mistério de luz que é Deus e N´Ele vi e ouvi -A ponta da lança como chama que se desprende, toca o eixo da terra, – Ela estremece: montanhas, cidades, vilas e aldeias com os seus moradores são sepultados. - O mar, os rios e as nuvens saem dos seus limites, transbordam, inundam e arrastam consigo num redemoinho, moradias e gente em número que não se pode contar , é a purificação do mundo pelo pecado em que se mergulha. - O ódio, a ambição provocam a guerra destruidora! - Depois senti no palpitar acelerado do coração e no meu espírito o eco duma voz suave que dizia: – No tempo, uma só Fé, um só Batismo, uma só Igreja, Santa, Católica, Apostólica: - Na eternidade, o Céu! 
Celebra-se na Capela do Seminário dos Marianos, na rua de S. Paulo,nº2 em Fátima.
sábado, 19 de dezembro de 2009
MISSA TRIDENTINA EM FÁTIMA ÀS 17,30H AOS DOMINGOS
Celebra-se na Capela do Seminário dos Marianos, na rua de S. Paulo,nº2 em Fátima.
Venerable Pope Pius XII
Paccelli ordained on Aug. 2, 1899
Father Eugenio Pacelli’s first assignment was as a curate at Chiesa Nuova, the church where he had served as an altar boy. While there, he taught catechism to the children who loved him because he was gentle, kind, patient and understanding. At the same time he pursued his studies for a doctorate in Canon Law and Civil Law at the Apollinaris. Incredibly, only two years later, he would add doctorates in Philosophy and in Theology.
In 1904, Father Pacelli became a Papal Chamberlain with the title of Monsignor and one year later a Domestic Prelate. The reception of all these honors did not keep the new Monsignor from continuing to teach catechism to children in one of Rome’s poorest quarters, or from conducting spiritual conferences for the French Sisters of Namur who ran an academy for girls of the Roman aristocracy. All this time he counseled working girls who resided at the House of Saint Rose in spiritual matters. His own spiritual life continued to be intense and exemplary. In addition to morning meditation and Mass, Pacelli always managed to find two hours a day to spend on his knees before the Blessed Sacrament. It would be a pattern he would follow his entire life.
In 1904, Father Pacelli became a Papal Chamberlain with the title of Monsignor and one year later a Domestic Prelate. The reception of all these honors did not keep the new Monsignor from continuing to teach catechism to children in one of Rome’s poorest quarters, or from conducting spiritual conferences for the French Sisters of Namur who ran an academy for girls of the Roman aristocracy. All this time he counseled working girls who resided at the House of Saint Rose in spiritual matters. His own spiritual life continued to be intense and exemplary. In addition to morning meditation and Mass, Pacelli always managed to find two hours a day to spend on his knees before the Blessed Sacrament. It would be a pattern he would follow his entire life.
 | In 1908, Pacelli attended the Eucharistic Congress in London. The 32-year-old priest was by that time well embarked on what would become a nearly 40-year career of brilliant diplomatic service for the Church. From 1904 to 1916, he was a research aide in the Office of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs where he assisted Cardinal Pietro Gasparri in the crucial task of clarifying and updating canon law. In 1910, Monsignor Pacelli was again back in London where he represented the Holy See at the Coronation of King George V. In 1911, Pius X appointed Pacelli Undersecretary for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. This department of the Secretariat of State, negotiated terms of agreements with foreign governments that would allow the Church to carry out its teaching mission. In 1912, he was appointed Secretary. Two years later, he became Secretary of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. |
| Pacelli in London, 1910 |
| In 1914, Pius X died and Benedict XV was called to the Chair of Peter. On April 20, 1917, the new Pope appointed Monsignor Pacelli as Nuncio to Bavaria, Germany, a nation on the verge of military defeat and revolutionary chaos. Before assuming full responsibilities in Germany, Pacelli was consecrated a Bishop by Pope Benedict XV in the Sistine Chapel (May 13, 1917). He was then elevated to the rank of Archbishop and went to Germany to present his credentials to Ludwig Ill, King of Bavaria on May 28, 1917. When he visited Kaiser Wilhelm II, Archbishop Pacelli begged him to do all in his power to end World War I. In his diary the Prussian wrote that he “liked the man from Rome well enough as a human being. But this was war. Let the British and French answer for it.” Benedict XV’s proposals for peaceful settlement were not accepted. |  |
 | As World War I continued on all fronts with renewed fury, the young Nuncio dedicated himself to tending to the spiritual and physical assistance of the sick and wounded men in hospitals and to assisting prisoners of war in their camps and in their attempts to communicate with their families. After the war his reputation grew among both civil and ecclesiastical authorities. Field Marshall Paul von Hindenburg, who was president of Germany from 1925 to 1934, wrote of “the noble conception Archbishop Pacelli had of his office, his wise objectivity, his inflexible sense of justice, his generous humanity and his great love for his neighbor.” |
American newspaper and radio commentator Dorothy Thompson, wrote: “Those of us who were foreign correspondents in Berlin during the days of the Weimar Republic were not unfamiliar with the figure of the dean of the diplomatic corps. Tall, slender, with magnificent eyes, strong features and expressive hands, in his appearance and bearing Archbishop Pacelli looked every inch what he was - a Roman nobleman, of the proudest blood of the western world. In knowledge of German and European affairs and in diplomatic astuteness the Nuncio was without an equal.”
For decades Pacelli confronted world problems. On June 22, 1920, Pacelli became the first Apostolic Nuncio to Germany. Four years later, March 29, 924. he signed a concordat with Bavaria which was ratified by its Parliament, January 15, 1925. It determined the rights and duties of the Church and the government in respect to each other. After concluding a concordat with Bavaria, Pacelli was able to succeed with Prussia and Baden, but had no success with either the Reich or the Soviet Union. After some time in Munich, the Apostolic Nuncio’s residence was transferred to Berlin. His peace efforts did not succeed. The Germans were not ready for peace. As Nuncio and then as Vatican Secretary of State, Pacelli faced and feared the rise of the National Socialists.
Ever since the defeat of Germany when Communist mobs seized control of Munich in February 1919, the diplomatic corps from every country returned to safety except Pacelli, who continued his errands of mercy toward the desperate public. The Bolsheviks began a campaign of hate against Archbishop Pacelli. Armed terrorists penetrated the nunciature and, pointing a pistol at the Nunzio, demanded that he surrender his car. Pacelli refused. Tall and defiant, he slowly descended the stairs, stating: “You must leave at once! This house does not belong to the government, but to the Holy See. It is inviolable under international law.” As he held his pectoral cross, the socialist leader stepped forward, jamming his gun against the Archbishop’s chest. But the gun muzzle glanced off the pectoral cross and, seeing what he had struck, the man wavered and left without harming the Nunzio.
For decades Pacelli confronted world problems. On June 22, 1920, Pacelli became the first Apostolic Nuncio to Germany. Four years later, March 29, 924. he signed a concordat with Bavaria which was ratified by its Parliament, January 15, 1925. It determined the rights and duties of the Church and the government in respect to each other. After concluding a concordat with Bavaria, Pacelli was able to succeed with Prussia and Baden, but had no success with either the Reich or the Soviet Union. After some time in Munich, the Apostolic Nuncio’s residence was transferred to Berlin. His peace efforts did not succeed. The Germans were not ready for peace. As Nuncio and then as Vatican Secretary of State, Pacelli faced and feared the rise of the National Socialists.
Ever since the defeat of Germany when Communist mobs seized control of Munich in February 1919, the diplomatic corps from every country returned to safety except Pacelli, who continued his errands of mercy toward the desperate public. The Bolsheviks began a campaign of hate against Archbishop Pacelli. Armed terrorists penetrated the nunciature and, pointing a pistol at the Nunzio, demanded that he surrender his car. Pacelli refused. Tall and defiant, he slowly descended the stairs, stating: “You must leave at once! This house does not belong to the government, but to the Holy See. It is inviolable under international law.” As he held his pectoral cross, the socialist leader stepped forward, jamming his gun against the Archbishop’s chest. But the gun muzzle glanced off the pectoral cross and, seeing what he had struck, the man wavered and left without harming the Nunzio.
VENERABLE PIUS XII POPE
The Cardinals elected Eugenio Pacelli the 262nd Pope on his sixty-third birthday, March 2, 1939. He received sixty-one out of the sixty-two votes because he did not vote for himself, and was elected Pontiff. After serving the Church under four Popes (Leo XIII, St. Pius X, Benedict XV and Pius XI) for almost two decades, on March 2, 1939 Eugenio Pacelli took the name of Pius XII and was entrusted with the keys of supreme jurisdiction given to the Prince of the Apostles: "Thou art Peter and upon this rock I will build My Church" The bells of Saint Peter's pealed on March 12, 1939, as the eyes of countless people turned toward the balcony.
Dressed in a white cope and wearing a silver, gem-studded mitre on his head Pope Pius XII appeared. Cardinal Nicola Canali removed the mitre. Cardinal Camillo Caccia-Dominioni replaced it with the papal tiara and prayed: "Receive the tiara adorned with the three crowns and know that you are the Father of princes and kings, the Sovereign of the world, and the Vicar on earth of our Savior Jesus Christ, to Whom is honor and glory, now and forever. Amen."
Dressed in a white cope and wearing a silver, gem-studded mitre on his head Pope Pius XII appeared. Cardinal Nicola Canali removed the mitre. Cardinal Camillo Caccia-Dominioni replaced it with the papal tiara and prayed: "Receive the tiara adorned with the three crowns and know that you are the Father of princes and kings, the Sovereign of the world, and the Vicar on earth of our Savior Jesus Christ, to Whom is honor and glory, now and forever. Amen."
Pope Pius XII's coat-of-arms showed the symbol of peace: a dove with an olive branch. His motto indicated peace to be a fruit of justice: Opus justitiae pax (Is. 34, 17). His first radio message to the world was, "Peace, gift of God, desired by all upright men, the fruit of love and justice.." He was a man of peace.
Immediately after his election, Pius XII issued a call for a peace conference of European leaders. Documents show that in a last minute bid to avert bloodshed, the Pope called for a conference involving Italy, France, England, Germany and Poland. Pius XII's peace plan was based on five points: the defense of small nations, the right to life, disarmament, some new kind of League of Nations and a plea for the moral principles of justice and love. Through his public discourses, his appeals to governments, and his secret diplomacy, he was engaged more than any other individual in the effort to avert war and rebuild peace. His request went unheeded.
Immediately after his election, Pius XII issued a call for a peace conference of European leaders. Documents show that in a last minute bid to avert bloodshed, the Pope called for a conference involving Italy, France, England, Germany and Poland. Pius XII's peace plan was based on five points: the defense of small nations, the right to life, disarmament, some new kind of League of Nations and a plea for the moral principles of justice and love. Through his public discourses, his appeals to governments, and his secret diplomacy, he was engaged more than any other individual in the effort to avert war and rebuild peace. His request went unheeded.
Pius XII then met with the German Cardinals who had been present in the recent conclave, in order to ascertain the real situation of the Church in Nazi Germany. These meetings provided him with direct proof and information that motivated the content of his first encyclical, Summi Pontificatus. Dated October 20, 1939, this encyclical was a strong attack on totalitarianism. In it, Pius XII singled out those governments, who by their deification of the state, imperiled the spirit of humanity. He spoke about restoring the foundation of human society to its origin in natural law, to its source in Christ, the only true ruler of all men and women of all nations and races.
In this encyclical Pius XII reprimanded: "What age has been, for all its technical and purely civic progress, more tormented than ours by spiritual emptiness and deep-felt interior poverty?" The world had abandoned Christ's cross for another [the Swastika] which brings only death. The consecration of the world to Christ the King celebrates "a penetrating wisdom which sets itself to restore and to ennoble all human society and to promote its true welfare." Indeed, Pius XII's encyclicals, discourses and radio messages clearly assert that the only solid foundation for social order is the law of God.
On the eve of World War II, the international position of the Vatican was dangerous and difficult. The anti-Semitic decrees enacted by Mussolini in 1938 were causing bitter conflicts between Italy and the Holy See.
As a diplomat, Pius XII saw war approaching and instructed the papal representatives to Germany, Italy, France, Poland and England to learn whether mediation by the Pope would be considered. He tried to awaken in world leaders the full realization of what they were about to do.
In this encyclical Pius XII reprimanded: "What age has been, for all its technical and purely civic progress, more tormented than ours by spiritual emptiness and deep-felt interior poverty?" The world had abandoned Christ's cross for another [the Swastika] which brings only death. The consecration of the world to Christ the King celebrates "a penetrating wisdom which sets itself to restore and to ennoble all human society and to promote its true welfare." Indeed, Pius XII's encyclicals, discourses and radio messages clearly assert that the only solid foundation for social order is the law of God.
On the eve of World War II, the international position of the Vatican was dangerous and difficult. The anti-Semitic decrees enacted by Mussolini in 1938 were causing bitter conflicts between Italy and the Holy See.
As a diplomat, Pius XII saw war approaching and instructed the papal representatives to Germany, Italy, France, Poland and England to learn whether mediation by the Pope would be considered. He tried to awaken in world leaders the full realization of what they were about to do.
On August 24, 1939 he gave each papal representative the text of a speech asking them to convey it to their respective governments. That evening he read the speech to the world: "The danger is imminent, but there is still time. Nothing is lost with peace; all can be lost with war. Let men return to mutual understanding! Let them begin negotiations anew, conferring with good will and with respect for reciprocal rights..."
During the North African campaign a boatload of Allied wounded arrived in Italy for hospitalization and imprisonment. A Vatican representative boarded the boat and distributed message forms among the soldiers who immediately filled, signed and addressed them. Within weeks after their capture the families of these American soldiers received information sent airmail by the Vatican to the United States. A wounded son of an Episcopalian family in Washington, DC, was listed by the War Department as missing, because the Nazis had failed to report him to the International Red Cross as captured. The soldier was convalescing in a hospital in Italy, where a Vatican official found him. A Baptist family in Kansas, as an expression of gratitude for news that their son was a war prisoner and not dead, sent the Holy Father their weekly tithe of twenty-two dollars. Communicating with their families, the Vatican described details of injuries, deaths, internment, and photographs of the resting- place or turned over to the office of the American charge d'affaires the belongings of soldiers. This was a sad, yet consoling work of mercy.
On September 1, 1939, Nazi tanks crossed the Polish border. This was the beginning of World War II. In his encyclical, Summi Pontificatus (October 27, 1939), Pius XII condemned Hitler's actions. On December 28, 1939, the Pope paid a ceremonial call on King Victor Emmanuel Ill and Queen Elena at the Quirinal Palace. The visit was to return that made by the King and Queen a week earlier, and also to demonstrate the Vatican's support of Italy's neutrality
Historical records show that Pius XII acted as a link to the British government for a number of German dissidents desiring to overthrow Hitler. The Pope went beyond his usual caution, and maintained these contacts until the German invasion of Denmark and Norway in April 1940. The following month, when the Germans invaded the Low Countries, the Pope sent telegrams to the leaders of these besieged nations with his prayers for their deliverance. Soon after, Mussolini joined Hitler. When Nazis occupied Rome in September 1943, the Pope endeavored to save as many Jews as possible. He immediately issued directives to all convents and monasteries to open their doors to protect Jews. Meanwhile, Pope Pius XII invited Jews and other refugees to join the Vatican Palatine Guards. In a few months, their number increased from four hundred to four thousand.
Everywhere in Europe, persecuted people, the Jews especially, appealed to Pius XII. When some five hundred Jews embarked at Bratislava on a steamer for Palestine, their ship tried to enter the seaport of Istanbul, but was refused permission to land. Captured by an Italian patrol boat, the Jews were imprisoned in a camp at Rhodes. One of the prisoners managed to appeal to Pius XII for help. Thanks to the Pope's intervention, unknown to the Axis, the refugees were transferred to an improvised camp (Ferramonti- Tarsia) in Southern Italy, where they were found safe three years later, in December 1943.
Historical records show that Pius XII acted as a link to the British government for a number of German dissidents desiring to overthrow Hitler. The Pope went beyond his usual caution, and maintained these contacts until the German invasion of Denmark and Norway in April 1940. The following month, when the Germans invaded the Low Countries, the Pope sent telegrams to the leaders of these besieged nations with his prayers for their deliverance. Soon after, Mussolini joined Hitler. When Nazis occupied Rome in September 1943, the Pope endeavored to save as many Jews as possible. He immediately issued directives to all convents and monasteries to open their doors to protect Jews. Meanwhile, Pope Pius XII invited Jews and other refugees to join the Vatican Palatine Guards. In a few months, their number increased from four hundred to four thousand.
Everywhere in Europe, persecuted people, the Jews especially, appealed to Pius XII. When some five hundred Jews embarked at Bratislava on a steamer for Palestine, their ship tried to enter the seaport of Istanbul, but was refused permission to land. Captured by an Italian patrol boat, the Jews were imprisoned in a camp at Rhodes. One of the prisoners managed to appeal to Pius XII for help. Thanks to the Pope's intervention, unknown to the Axis, the refugees were transferred to an improvised camp (Ferramonti- Tarsia) in Southern Italy, where they were found safe three years later, in December 1943.
Pius XII's pontificate left a lasting mark on the history of the Catholic Church. His life was one of action, inspired by profound piety. Understanding the weaknesses of humanity, the Pope brought consolation, peace and encouragement everywhere. Striving to bring men closer to Christ, Pius XII instituted numerous liturgical reforms: the evening Mass, the new Eucharistic fast regulations and increased lay participation in liturgical functions. The Eucharistic Liturgy was the source from which Pius XII drew strength and wisdom to lead the world.
Pius XII has been called the "Pope of Mary" for his great devotion to the Mother of God, evidenced in the infallible definition of the Assumption. In his prayer to Our Lady of the Assumption, Pius XII asked her to turn her eyes "toward this world, held in the clutch of wars, persecutions, oppression of the just and the weak. And from the shadows of this vale of tears, we seek in your heavenly assistance and tender mercy comfort for our aching hearts and help in the trials of the Church, and of our fatherland. Comforted by our faith in future resurrection, we look to you, our life, our sweetness and our hope." The consecration of Russia and of the whole world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, the solemn proclaiming of the Marian Year, the institution of the feast of the Queenship of Mary, and the proclamation of the Centenary of the Apparitions of Our Blessed Lady to St. Bernadette were also made by Pius XII.
Even as a young man, Eugenio Pacelli showed interest and concern in nature and for all God's creatures. This affinity continued when he became Pope. At the farm in Castelgandolfo, he would walk about simply enjoying the presence of the animals, especially the sheep, which he often gently touched. Later, when he was in the Vatican he would take brisk walks each day beneath the cypresses and pines, pausing to admire the beautiful flowers in the Vatican gardens.
Pius XII has been called the "Pope of Mary" for his great devotion to the Mother of God, evidenced in the infallible definition of the Assumption. In his prayer to Our Lady of the Assumption, Pius XII asked her to turn her eyes "toward this world, held in the clutch of wars, persecutions, oppression of the just and the weak. And from the shadows of this vale of tears, we seek in your heavenly assistance and tender mercy comfort for our aching hearts and help in the trials of the Church, and of our fatherland. Comforted by our faith in future resurrection, we look to you, our life, our sweetness and our hope." The consecration of Russia and of the whole world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, the solemn proclaiming of the Marian Year, the institution of the feast of the Queenship of Mary, and the proclamation of the Centenary of the Apparitions of Our Blessed Lady to St. Bernadette were also made by Pius XII.
Even as a young man, Eugenio Pacelli showed interest and concern in nature and for all God's creatures. This affinity continued when he became Pope. At the farm in Castelgandolfo, he would walk about simply enjoying the presence of the animals, especially the sheep, which he often gently touched. Later, when he was in the Vatican he would take brisk walks each day beneath the cypresses and pines, pausing to admire the beautiful flowers in the Vatican gardens.
Though as Pope he would usually eat his meals alone, that changed somewhat one day after the papal gardener found a helpless bird, which had been injured in the garden. Knowing the Pontiff's love for nature, the gardener brought the bird to his apartment. Pacelli was fascinated, helped nurse the bird back to health and decided to keep it in his apartment. He named her Gretel. As soon as she was fully recovered, she was given several companions. While the Pope ate, the birds were released from their cages. Twittering, the birds would perch on his shoulder or on the table where they had their own small dishes of seeds. Thereafter at mealtime he was vicariously back in the natural world he knew in the summers of his youth.
Pius XII blended casualness with dignity and many times ignored Vatican protocol during the papal audiences. The story goes that, on some occasions, people filled with repentance would tremblingly ask to go to confession. Always a priest and aware of divine grace at work, the Holy Father never failed to step to a corner with the penitent sinner and grant him absolution, while others waited in awe.
In those days, women admitted to a papal audience had to wear long-sleeved, high-necked black dresses with a mantilla and a veil. A young woman newspaper correspondent during World War II was in a hurry, so her male companions smuggled her past guards to the great Consistorial Hall where the Pope would receive them. But when instructed to form a circle, the conspirators were forced to expose the young lady. As the guards were rushing her away, the Pope entered and signaled them to let her stay. He repaid her brashness with the gentle comment: "Ah, we see you are an American."
Screening for a general audience was not very intense. In fact, many ladies were not aware they had to dress according to protocol. One day, when asked to kneel, a young girl in culottes and wedgies and harlequin glasses refused. "I got a coat on - isn't that enough? I'm not a Catholic! Why should I kneel?" Everyone was embarrassed.
As the Pope arrived, the girl continued to abuse the guards. Suddenly the scene changed. The Pope approached her gently; she burst into tears on her knees. He comforted her and stretched forth his hands to raise her up, but she shook her head and begged his blessing. Pope Pius XII blessed her and the rest of the assemblage.
A few days after the liberation of Rome, Lieutenant General Mark Clark, Commander of the Fifth Allied Army, paid his respects to the Pope: "I am afraid you have been disturbed by the noise of my tanks. I am sorry." Pius XII smiled and replied: "General, any time you come to liberate Rome, you can make just as much noise as you like."
Leo Longanesi, a renowned Italian journalist and publisher, was indignant over the anticlerical campaigns against the Church. One day he suggested to the Pope that a particular day be designated when all Italian newspapers in Italy would print the full story about the charitable works of the Church during World War II. Pius XII responded: "Only God must be testimony to what is done for our neighbor!"
Although Pius XII would not publicize his own good deeds, others have. It suffices to mention a recent story which is part of the official Italian war record (International Herald Tribune, October 22, 2001). This information is one of the many examples of Pius XII's actions on behalf of Jewish refugees.
From 1943 to 1945, Leonardo Marinelli was a commander in the Royal Finance Guard in the Aprica internment camp, located in northern Italy. His Diary records an entry for September 12, 1943. The Pope sent Giuseppe Carozzi, a young Italian priest to Marinelli requesting that 300 Jewish Yugoslav internees be given permits to Switzerland. Despite strict Nazi orders forbidding Jews, prisoners of war, or anyone who had not joined Mussolini's northern Italian puppet Republic of Salo from crossing the border, Marinelli complied with the Pope's wishes. During the next four days as the group crossed the border, guards were seen "carrying bags for some of the fugitives."
Later, Marinelli himself was placed in an internment camp by the Nazis. He escaped. In his testimony to the Finance Guard high command in July 1945, Marinelli confirmed what he had written in his Diary.
Pius XII reaffirmed the rights of the family, the rights of parents to supervise their children's education, and the rights of conscience, stressing the fundamental unity of all mankind under the fatherhood of God.
When there was danger that Rome would be involved in serious fighting between the Allied and German troops, the Pope went to the Church of Saint Ignatius Loyola. He remained on his knees throughout the night, praying before the sacred image of the Madonna del Divino Amore. Joining the Pontiff as he prayed for peace were the clergy and faithful of Rome. The city of Rome was saved!
Pius XII was a minister of peace in a warring world. When he was told that Stalin inquired about the number of divisions in his army, he said: "You may tell my son Joseph he will meet my divisions in heaven." That was Pacelli's secret. Even of Stalin he could say "my son." And mean it. He spoke many languages, but the only language that inspired others, was the language of his heart.
Claims that Pope Pius XII never instructed religious to protect Jews during the war, are contradicted by the Chief Rabbi of Rome, Israel Anton Zolli.
Israel Zolli, the Chief Rabbi of Rome, was converted to Catholicism
Israel Zoller was born in Brodj, Galizia, on September 17, 1881. His family name was italianized to Zolli. They were Polish Jews and had been Rabbis for four centuries. In 1920 Israel was named Rabbi of Trieste which then belonged to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. He also held the Hebrew Language and Literature Chair at the University of Padova. In 1940 he was deprived of this position by the Fascists and sent to Rome as Chief Rabbi.
The American Hebrew in New York published an interview with Rabbi Zolli on July 14, 1944. Having been hidden in the Vatican during the German occupation of Rome, he emphatically stated: "The Vatican has always helped the Jews and the Jews are very grateful for the charitable work of the Vatican, all done without distinction of race."
After the war, Rabbi Zolli converted to Catholicism and wrote his memoirs, Before the Dawn (1954), claiming to have witnessed a vision of Christ, who called him to the faith. The voice he heard said: "You are here for the last time." It was Yom Kippur.
Zolli devoted an entire chapter in his memoirs to the German occupation of Rome and praised the Pope's leadership: "... The people of Rome loathed the Nazis and had intense pity for the Jews. They willingly assisted in the evacuation of the Jewish population into remote villages, where they were concealed and protected by Christian families. Christian families in the heart of Rome accepted Jews. There was money in the treasury for the support of destitute refugees thus hidden. The Holy Father sent by hand a letter to the bishops instructing them to lift the enclosure from convents and monasteries, so that they could become refuges for the Jews. I know of one convent where the Sisters slept in the basement, giving up their beds to Jewish refugees. In face of this charity, the fate of so many of the persecuted is especially tragic."
Refugees in makeshift shelter at Castelgandolfo
Rabbi Zolli is the most important non-Catholic witness to the role of Pius XII in wartime Italy during the Nazi occupation and persecution of Jews. A biblical scholar whose courage and integrity cannot be challenged, Zolli was hidden in the Vatican. His wife and his twenty-year-old daughter Miriam were hidden in a convent. They were eye-witnesses of the deportation of Rome's Jews by the Gestapo in 1943.
Zolli asked to be received by the Pope. The meeting with Pius XII took place on July 25, 1944. Notes by Vatican Secretary of State Giovanni Battista Montini confirm the fact that on July 23 Rabbi Zolli addressed the Jewish Community in the Synagogue and publicly thanked the Holy Father for all he did to save the Jewish Community of Rome. His talk was transmitted by radio. On February 13, 1945, Rabbi Zolli was baptized by Rome's Auxiliary Bishop Luigi Traglia in the Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli. Present for the ceremony was Father Agostino Bea, the Pope's confessor and future protagonist during the Council with regard to the dialog between religions. In gratitude to Pius XII, Israel Zolli took the name, Eugenio. A year later his wife and daughter were also baptized.
Miriam recalls the prophetic words of her father about Pope Pius XII: "You will see, they will blame Pope Pius XII for the world's silence in the face of the Nazis' crimes!" She insists that her father never abandoned his Judaism: "He felt he was a Jew who had come to believe in the Jewish Messiah."
In his book, Antisemitismo, Rabbi Zolli states: "World Jewry owes a great debt of gratitude to Pius XII for his repeated and pressing appeals for justice on behalf of the Jews and, when these did not prevail, for his strong protests against evil laws and procedures."
Zolli, who found shelter in the Vatican during the war stated: "No hero in all of history was more militant, more fought against, none more heroic than Pius XII in pursuing the work of true charity!...and this on behalf of all the suffering children of God."
Throughout his papacy. Pope Pius XII was almost universally, regarded as a saintly man, a scholar, a man of peace, a tower of strength, and a compassionate defender and protector of all victims of the war and genocide that had drenched Europe in blood. At the end of the war Western nations paid tribute to his efforts on behalf of the oppressed. When Pius XII died, Jews praised him for his help and were among the first to express sorrow and gratitude for his solicitude during the Holocaust.
Pope Pius Lying in state at Castelgandolfo Documentary evidence and the testimony of his contemporaries prove that Pius XII was a committed defender and protector of the victims of war and hatred which drenched Europe in blood. Pius XII ordered the Congregation of the Holy Office to issue a formal and explicit condemnation of the mass murder going on in Germany in the name of improving the race. The decree was published on December 6, 1940, in L'Osservatore Romano. At the end of World War II, western nations paid tribute to Pius XII's efforts on behalf of the oppressed. When he died in 1958, the Jewish communities of Europe praised him for his help and expressed sorrow and gratitude for his solicitude during the Holocaust. In the 1960s, there began a campaign of vilification against Pius XII. Today, his detractors continue to claim that he lacked courage, human compassion and a sense of moral rectitude. Hostile attacks by the media replace the historical record that showed him as a great leader.
Immediately after his death, the world at large proclaimed Pope Pius XII worthy of the title, Saint. Referring to Pius XII's sanctity in his letter to Margherita Marchione (February 22, 2001), Bernard Tiffany quoted the following letter from Padre Pio's secretary, Reverend Dominic Meyer, OFM, Cap.: "Padre Pio told me he saw the Pope in Heaven during his Mass. And many miracles have been attributed to His intercession in various parts of the world. Pictures of the Pope have been printed with a prayer for His beatification. But so far I have not seen any with the prayer in English (June 30, 1959)."
In his Diario, one finds a confirmation of the above statement. When Pius XII died on October 9, 1958, Padre Pio was consoled "by a vision of the former pontiff in his heavenly home," according to Padre Agostino. A more recent confirmation of this event comes from Pius XII's niece, Marchesina Elena Rossignani Pacelli, to whom Padre Pio repeated the same words. On May 19, 2002, Elena Pacelli confirmed this statement.
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In those days, women admitted to a papal audience had to wear long-sleeved, high-necked black dresses with a mantilla and a veil. A young woman newspaper correspondent during World War II was in a hurry, so her male companions smuggled her past guards to the great Consistorial Hall where the Pope would receive them. But when instructed to form a circle, the conspirators were forced to expose the young lady. As the guards were rushing her away, the Pope entered and signaled them to let her stay. He repaid her brashness with the gentle comment: "Ah, we see you are an American."
Screening for a general audience was not very intense. In fact, many ladies were not aware they had to dress according to protocol. One day, when asked to kneel, a young girl in culottes and wedgies and harlequin glasses refused. "I got a coat on - isn't that enough? I'm not a Catholic! Why should I kneel?" Everyone was embarrassed.
As the Pope arrived, the girl continued to abuse the guards. Suddenly the scene changed. The Pope approached her gently; she burst into tears on her knees. He comforted her and stretched forth his hands to raise her up, but she shook her head and begged his blessing. Pope Pius XII blessed her and the rest of the assemblage.
A few days after the liberation of Rome, Lieutenant General Mark Clark, Commander of the Fifth Allied Army, paid his respects to the Pope: "I am afraid you have been disturbed by the noise of my tanks. I am sorry." Pius XII smiled and replied: "General, any time you come to liberate Rome, you can make just as much noise as you like."
Leo Longanesi, a renowned Italian journalist and publisher, was indignant over the anticlerical campaigns against the Church. One day he suggested to the Pope that a particular day be designated when all Italian newspapers in Italy would print the full story about the charitable works of the Church during World War II. Pius XII responded: "Only God must be testimony to what is done for our neighbor!"
Although Pius XII would not publicize his own good deeds, others have. It suffices to mention a recent story which is part of the official Italian war record (International Herald Tribune, October 22, 2001). This information is one of the many examples of Pius XII's actions on behalf of Jewish refugees.
From 1943 to 1945, Leonardo Marinelli was a commander in the Royal Finance Guard in the Aprica internment camp, located in northern Italy. His Diary records an entry for September 12, 1943. The Pope sent Giuseppe Carozzi, a young Italian priest to Marinelli requesting that 300 Jewish Yugoslav internees be given permits to Switzerland. Despite strict Nazi orders forbidding Jews, prisoners of war, or anyone who had not joined Mussolini's northern Italian puppet Republic of Salo from crossing the border, Marinelli complied with the Pope's wishes. During the next four days as the group crossed the border, guards were seen "carrying bags for some of the fugitives."
Later, Marinelli himself was placed in an internment camp by the Nazis. He escaped. In his testimony to the Finance Guard high command in July 1945, Marinelli confirmed what he had written in his Diary.
Pius XII reaffirmed the rights of the family, the rights of parents to supervise their children's education, and the rights of conscience, stressing the fundamental unity of all mankind under the fatherhood of God.
When there was danger that Rome would be involved in serious fighting between the Allied and German troops, the Pope went to the Church of Saint Ignatius Loyola. He remained on his knees throughout the night, praying before the sacred image of the Madonna del Divino Amore. Joining the Pontiff as he prayed for peace were the clergy and faithful of Rome. The city of Rome was saved!
Pius XII was a minister of peace in a warring world. When he was told that Stalin inquired about the number of divisions in his army, he said: "You may tell my son Joseph he will meet my divisions in heaven." That was Pacelli's secret. Even of Stalin he could say "my son." And mean it. He spoke many languages, but the only language that inspired others, was the language of his heart.
Claims that Pope Pius XII never instructed religious to protect Jews during the war, are contradicted by the Chief Rabbi of Rome, Israel Anton Zolli.
Israel Zoller was born in Brodj, Galizia, on September 17, 1881. His family name was italianized to Zolli. They were Polish Jews and had been Rabbis for four centuries. In 1920 Israel was named Rabbi of Trieste which then belonged to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. He also held the Hebrew Language and Literature Chair at the University of Padova. In 1940 he was deprived of this position by the Fascists and sent to Rome as Chief Rabbi.
The American Hebrew in New York published an interview with Rabbi Zolli on July 14, 1944. Having been hidden in the Vatican during the German occupation of Rome, he emphatically stated: "The Vatican has always helped the Jews and the Jews are very grateful for the charitable work of the Vatican, all done without distinction of race."
After the war, Rabbi Zolli converted to Catholicism and wrote his memoirs, Before the Dawn (1954), claiming to have witnessed a vision of Christ, who called him to the faith. The voice he heard said: "You are here for the last time." It was Yom Kippur.
Zolli devoted an entire chapter in his memoirs to the German occupation of Rome and praised the Pope's leadership: "... The people of Rome loathed the Nazis and had intense pity for the Jews. They willingly assisted in the evacuation of the Jewish population into remote villages, where they were concealed and protected by Christian families. Christian families in the heart of Rome accepted Jews. There was money in the treasury for the support of destitute refugees thus hidden. The Holy Father sent by hand a letter to the bishops instructing them to lift the enclosure from convents and monasteries, so that they could become refuges for the Jews. I know of one convent where the Sisters slept in the basement, giving up their beds to Jewish refugees. In face of this charity, the fate of so many of the persecuted is especially tragic."
Rabbi Zolli is the most important non-Catholic witness to the role of Pius XII in wartime Italy during the Nazi occupation and persecution of Jews. A biblical scholar whose courage and integrity cannot be challenged, Zolli was hidden in the Vatican. His wife and his twenty-year-old daughter Miriam were hidden in a convent. They were eye-witnesses of the deportation of Rome's Jews by the Gestapo in 1943.
Zolli asked to be received by the Pope. The meeting with Pius XII took place on July 25, 1944. Notes by Vatican Secretary of State Giovanni Battista Montini confirm the fact that on July 23 Rabbi Zolli addressed the Jewish Community in the Synagogue and publicly thanked the Holy Father for all he did to save the Jewish Community of Rome. His talk was transmitted by radio. On February 13, 1945, Rabbi Zolli was baptized by Rome's Auxiliary Bishop Luigi Traglia in the Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli. Present for the ceremony was Father Agostino Bea, the Pope's confessor and future protagonist during the Council with regard to the dialog between religions. In gratitude to Pius XII, Israel Zolli took the name, Eugenio. A year later his wife and daughter were also baptized.
Miriam recalls the prophetic words of her father about Pope Pius XII: "You will see, they will blame Pope Pius XII for the world's silence in the face of the Nazis' crimes!" She insists that her father never abandoned his Judaism: "He felt he was a Jew who had come to believe in the Jewish Messiah."
In his book, Antisemitismo, Rabbi Zolli states: "World Jewry owes a great debt of gratitude to Pius XII for his repeated and pressing appeals for justice on behalf of the Jews and, when these did not prevail, for his strong protests against evil laws and procedures."
Zolli, who found shelter in the Vatican during the war stated: "No hero in all of history was more militant, more fought against, none more heroic than Pius XII in pursuing the work of true charity!...and this on behalf of all the suffering children of God."
Throughout his papacy. Pope Pius XII was almost universally, regarded as a saintly man, a scholar, a man of peace, a tower of strength, and a compassionate defender and protector of all victims of the war and genocide that had drenched Europe in blood. At the end of the war Western nations paid tribute to his efforts on behalf of the oppressed. When Pius XII died, Jews praised him for his help and were among the first to express sorrow and gratitude for his solicitude during the Holocaust.
Immediately after his death, the world at large proclaimed Pope Pius XII worthy of the title, Saint. Referring to Pius XII's sanctity in his letter to Margherita Marchione (February 22, 2001), Bernard Tiffany quoted the following letter from Padre Pio's secretary, Reverend Dominic Meyer, OFM, Cap.: "Padre Pio told me he saw the Pope in Heaven during his Mass. And many miracles have been attributed to His intercession in various parts of the world. Pictures of the Pope have been printed with a prayer for His beatification. But so far I have not seen any with the prayer in English (June 30, 1959)."
In his Diario, one finds a confirmation of the above statement. When Pius XII died on October 9, 1958, Padre Pio was consoled "by a vision of the former pontiff in his heavenly home," according to Padre Agostino. A more recent confirmation of this event comes from Pius XII's niece, Marchesina Elena Rossignani Pacelli, to whom Padre Pio repeated the same words. On May 19, 2002, Elena Pacelli confirmed this statement.
fonte:www.piusxiipope.info/
Pio XII e os problemas modernos (II): A Santa Missa como remédio contra os males do tempo presente
“Ao centro da preparação dos fiéis muitos párocos colocaram a santa missa para os homens. [...] Todavia, é de suma importância considerar os efeitos que dela se irradiam para os homens, até no campo eclesiástico e civil. Realmente:
[...] A tendência natural do homem caído para as coisas terrenas, a sua incapacidade de compreender as coisas do Espírito de Deus é infelizmente favorecida em nossos dias pela cumplicidade de tudo quanto o circunda. Muitas vezes Deus não é negado, nem injuriado, nem blasfemado; Ele é como que um grande ausente. A propaganda para uma vida terrestre sem Deus é aberta, sedutora, contínua. Com razão observou-se que geralmente, mesmo nos filmes indicados como moralmente irrepreensíveis, os homens vivem e morrem como se não existisse Deus, nem a Redenção, nem a Igreja. Nós não queremos aqui colocar em discussão as intenções; não é porém verdade que as conseqüências destas representações cinematográficas neutras, já se estenderam e aprofundaram? Adiciona-se ainda a isto a nefasta propaganda deliberadamente dirigida para a formação da família, da sociedad
Não há portanto mais tempo para se perder, para fazer parar com todas as forças este deslize de nossas próprias fileiras na irreliogiosidade e para acordar o espírito de oração e de penitência. A pregação das primeiras e principais verdades da fé e dos fins últimos, não somente nada perderam de sua oportunidade em nosso tempo, mas, antes, tornam-se mais que nunca necesssárias e urgentes. Também a pregação sobre o inferno é atual. Por sem dúvida, semelhante argumento deve ser tratado com dignidade e sabedoria. Mas quanto à substância mesma desta verdade a Igreja tem, diante de Deus e dos homens, o sagrado dever de anunciar, de ensinar sem qualquer atenuante, como Cristo a revelou, e não há nenhuma condição de tempo que possa fazer diminuir o rigor desta obrigação.
[...]
Um efeito da missa para os homens, efeito salutar não só para eles pessoalmente, mas também para as famílias, será que fecharão os olhos e o coração a tudo o que na imprensa, nos filmes, nos espetáculos, ofende o pudor e viola a lei natural. Onde, realmente, senão aqui, deverá verdadeiramente operar o espírito de penitência e de abnegação em união com Cristo?
Quando se pensa de uma parte, nas nauseantes cruezas e coisas impuras, colocadas em amostra nos jornais, nas revistas, nas telas, nas cenas, e de outra parte, as inconcebíveis aberrações dos progenitores que vão com seus filhos deleitarem-se com semelhantes horrores, o rubor sobe à face, rubor de vergonha e de desprezo. A luta contra aquela peste, especialmente assinalando-lhe as manifestações às autoridades públicas, conseguiu já conforante resultado, e Nós nutrimos esperanças que ela será sempre mais eficaz e benéfica.
[...]
Nós esperamos da comum assistência dos homens à santa missa também outro fruto de capital importância: queremos aludir ao espírito de docilidade e de plena adesão ao Romano Pontífice, e de fraterna a estreita união entre os fiéis, toda vez que se trata de defender a causa da Igreja. A causa da Igreja! Seus inimigos desencadearam contra Ela uma violenta companha de palavras e de escritos. Para eles todos os argumentos, também os mais absurdos, são bons, se servem para o fim a que tendem, e este fim é o de desagregar a unidade e a cooperação dos católicos, de abalar a confiança para com o Vigário de Cristo, para com os bispos e o clero. A arma preferida deles é a calúnia, porque sabem muito bem que nunca ela é totalmente inofensiva, mas inocula nos espíritos a dúvida, a suspeita, a crítica, e nos corações um desafeto, que por vezes chega até ao ódio. Assim, a obediência e a concórdia são expostas ao perigo de se tornaram a pouco e pouco corrutas e de serem destruídas. Relede a palavra de Cristo sobre o “pai da mentira”: o mesmo vale para esta campanha de calúnias.”
Pio XII – Discurso aos Párocos e Pregadores Quaresmalistas, 23 de março de 1949
La strategia di Bento XVI per far digerire Pio XII
La strategia di Benedetto XVI per far “digerire” agli scettici (tra questi molti ebrei) lo sblocco del processo di beatificazione e canonizzazione di Pio XII si è resa evidente a sorpresa (nessun vaticanista è stato in grado di anticipare la cosa) oggi. Il Papa, infatti, nascondendo le sue intenzioni a tutti (ho i miei dubbi che ne sapesse qualcosa addirittura il suo segretario particolare), ha promulgato il decreto sulle virtù eroiche di Pio XII insieme a quello di Giovanni Paolo II. Di Wojtyla si sapeva. Di Pacelli no.
A questo punto la strategia mi sembra chiara: far avanzare insieme i due processi in modo da spostare un po’ d’attenzione dal controverso (secondo alcuni) Pio XII al più unanimemente amato Wojtyla.
Il processo di Pacelli si aprì alla fine del Concilio per volere di Paolo VI. Il decreto sulle virtù eroiche (è la penultima tappa verso la beatificazione) era stato approvato dalla congregazione dei santi nel 2007. Si aspettava soltanto la firma di Ratzinger che, significativamente, è avvenuta circa un mese prima della sua visita alla sinagoga di Roma.
Due Papi, dunque, si prendono a braccetto e camminano verso la beatificazione: insieme le critiche si smaltiscono meglio.
fonte:palazzoapostolico.it
CARTA ENCÍCLICA DO PAPA PIO XII MEDIATOR DEI SOBRE A SAGRADA LITURGIA
QUARTA PARTE
DIRETRIZES PASTORAIS
DIRETRIZES PASTORAIS
I.. Não se descuidem as outras formas de piedade
157. Para afastar da Igreja os erros e os exageros de que acima falamos e para que possam os fiéis, guiados por mais seguras normas, praticar o apostolado litúrgico com abundantes frutos, achamos oportuno, veneráveis irmãos, acrescentar alguma coisa para a prática da doutrina exposta.
158. Tratando da genuína piedade, afirmamos que entre a liturgia e os outros atos de religião - desde que sejam retamente ordenados e tendam ao justo fim - não pode haver verdadeiro contraste; há, até, alguns exercícios de piedade que a Igreja recomenda grandemente ao clero e aos religiosos.
159. Ora, desejamos que também o povo cristão não fique alheio destes exercícios. Estes são - para falar apenas dos principais - a meditação de assuntos espirituais, o exame de consciência, os retiros espirituais, instituídos para a reflexão mais intensa das verdades eternas, a visita ao santíssimo sacramento e as orações particulares em honra da bem-aventurada virgem Maria, entre as quais excele, como todos sabem, o rosário.(163)
160. A essas múltiplas formas de piedade não pode ser estranha a inspiração e a ação do Espírito Santo; elas, com efeito - se bem que de várias maneiras - visam todas a voltar e dirigir para Deus as nossas almas, porque as purificam dos pecados, as dispõem à conquista da virtude e as estimulam à verdadeira piedade, habituando-as à meditação das verdades eternas, e tornando-as mais capazes da contemplação dos mistérios da natureza humana e divina de Cristo. Além disso, nutrindo intensamente nos fiéis a vida espiritual, preparam-nos para participar das sagradas funções com fruto maior, e evitam o perigo de se reduzirem as orações litúrgicas a um ritualismo vão.
161. Não vos canseis, pois, veneráveis irmãos, no vosso zelo pastoral, recomendando e encorajando esses exercícios de piedade, dos quais brotam sem dúvida para o povo que vos foi confiado frutos salutares. Sobretudo, não permitais - como alguns pretendem, ou com a desculpa de renovação da liturgia, ou falando com leviandade de uma eficácia e dignidade exclusivas dos ritos litúrgicos - que as Igrejas sejam fechadas durante as horas não destinadas às funções públicas, como já acontece em algumas regiões; que a adoração e a visita ao santíssimo sacramento sejam menosprezadas; que se desaconselhe a confissão dos pecados feita com o fim único de devoção; que se desleixe, especialmente entre a juventude, o culto da virgem Mãe de Deus, que, no dizer dos santos, é sinal de predestinação. São esses frutos envenenados, sumamente nocivos à piedade cristã, que repontam de ramos infectos de uma árvore sã; é necessário, por isso, extirpá-los, para que a seiva da árvore possa nutrir somente frutos agradáveis e ótimos.
162. Visto que as opiniões manifestadas por alguns a propósito da confissão freqüente são de todo alheias ao Espírito de Cristo e de sua esposa imaculada, e verdadeiramente funestas para a vida espiritual, recordamos o que a propósito escrevemos, com pesar, na encíclica "Mystici Corporis"; e insistimos de novo para que proponhais à séria meditação e à docil atuação dos vossos rebanhos e especialmente dos candidatos ao sacerdócio e do jovem clero, quanto ali vos dissemos em graves palavras.
163. Zelai, pois, de modo particular, para que muitíssimos, não só do clero mas ainda do laicato, e especialmente os pertencentes aos sodalícios religiosos e às fileiras da Ação católica, tomem parte nos retiros mensais e nos exercícios espirituais realizados em determinados dias para incrementar a piedade. Como dissemos acima, esses exercícios espirituais são utilíssimos e até necessários, para instilar nas almas a genuína piedade, e para formá-las à santidade, de modo que possam haurir da sagrada liturgia benefícios mais eficazes e abundantes.
164. Quanto aos vários modos sob os quais se costuma praticar esses exercícios, fique bem conhecido e claro a todos, que na Igreja terrena, como na celeste, há "muitas moradas"; (164) e que a ascética não pode ser monopólio de ninguém. Um é o Espírito, o qual, porém, "sopra onde quer";(165) e com diversos dons e por diversas vias dirige as almas por ele iluminadas à consecução da santidade. A sua liberdade e a ação sobrenatural do Espírito Santo nelas seja coisa sacrossanta, que a ninguém é lícito, a nenhum título, perturbar e conculcar.
165. É sabido, entretanto, que os exercícios espirituais de santo Inácio foram plenamente aprovados e insistentemente recomendados pelos nossos predecessores por causa de sua admirável eficácia; e nós, também, pela mesma razão, os aprovamos e recomendamos, como presentemente com prazer o tornamos a fazer.
166. É absolutamente necessário, porém, que a inspiração a seguir e praticar determinados exercícios de piedade, venha do Pai das luzes, do qual provém todo bem, e todo dom perfeito;(166) e disso será índice a eficácia com a qual servirão para que o culto divino seja sempre mais amado e amplamente promovido, e os fiéis sejam solicitados por um mais intenso desejo à participação dos sacramentos e à devida honra e respeito de todas as coisas sagradas. Se eles, ao contrário, se transformassem em obstáculo ou se revelassem em contraste com os princípios e normas do culto divino, então sem dúvida se deveria tê-los como não ordenados por pensamento reto, nem guiados por zelo iluminado.
167. Além disso, há outros exercícios de piedade que, se bem não pertençam a rigor e de direito à sagrada liturgia, se revestem de particular dignidade e importância, de modo que são tidos por insertos no quadro litúrgico, e gozam de repetidas aprovações e louvores desta Sé Apostólica e dos bispos. Entre esses se devem enumerar as orações que se costuma fazer durante o mês de maio em honra da virgem Mãe de Deus, ou durante o mês de junho em honra do sacratíssimo coração de Jesus, os tríduos e novenas, a "Via sacra" e outros semelhantes.
168. Essas piedosas práticas, que exercitam o povo cristão a uma assídua freqüência do sacramento da penitência e a uma devota participação no sacrifício eucarístico e na mesa divina, como também à meditação dos mistérios da nossa Redenção e à imitação dos grandes exemplos dos santos, por isso mesmo contribuem com fruto salutar para a nossa participação no culto litúrgico.
169. Por isso faria obra perniciosa e de todo errônea quem ousasse temerariamente assumir a reforma desses exercícios de piedade, para enquadrá-los apenas nos esquemas litúrgicos. É necessário, todavia, que o espírito da sagrada liturgia e os seus preceitos influam beneficamente neles, para evitar que aí se introduza algo de inepto ou de indigno ao decoro da casa de Deus, ou seja em detrimento das sagradas funções e contrário à sã piedade.
170. Cuidai, pois, veneráveis irmãos, para que essa pura e genuína piedade prospere sob os vossos olhos, e floresça sempre mais. Não vos canseis, sobretudo, de inculcar a cada um que a vida cristã não consiste na multiplicidade e variedade das orações e dos exercícios de piedade, mas acima de tudo em que eles contribuam realmente para o progresso espiritual dos fiéis e ao incremento de toda a Igreja, porquanto o Pai Eterno "nos elegeu nele (Cristo) antes da fundação do mundo, para sermos santos e imaculados na sua presença". (167) Devem, pois, tender todas as nossas orações e todas as nossas práticas devotas a dirigir todos os nossos recursos espirituais à realização desse supremo e nobilíssimo fim.
II. Espírito litúrgico e apostolado litúrgico
171. Nós vos exortamos instantemente, veneráveis irmãos, a que, desfeitos os erros e a falsidade, e proibido tudo o que está fora da verdade e da ordem, promovais as iniciativas que dão ao povo um mais profundo conhecimento da sagrada liturgia, de modo que ele possa mais adequada e mais facilmente participar dos ritos divinos, com disposição verdadeiramente cristã.
172. É necessário, antes de tudo, empenhar-vos por que todos obedeçam com a devida reverência e fé aos decretos publicados pelo concílio de Trento, pelos pontífices romanos, pela Congregação dos ritos, e a todas as disposições dos livros litúrgicos naquilo que respeita à ação externa do culto público.
173. Em todas as coisas da liturgia devem brilhar sobretudo estes três ornamentos de que fala o nosso predecessor Pio X: a santidade, que rejeita toda influência profana; a nobreza das imagens e das formas, às quais serve toda arte genuína e superior; a universalidade, enfim, a qual - conservando os legítimos usos e costumes regionais - exprime a unidade católica da Igreja.(168)
174. Desejamos e recomendamos calorosamente, ainda uma vez, o decoro dos sagrados edifícios e altares. Sinta-se cada um animado pela palavra divina: "O zelo de tua casa me devora"(169) e se empenhe segundo as suas forças para que tudo, quer nos sagrados edifícios, quer nas vestes e nas alfaias litúrgicas, ainda que não brilhe por excessiva riqueza e esplendor, seja, todavia, apropriado e limpo, estando tudo consagrado à divina Majestade. Se já reprovamos, acima, o modo não reto de proceder daqueles que, a pretexto de restaurar o antigo, querem excluir dos templos as imagens sagradas temos que é nossa obrigação repreender a piedade não bem formada daqueles que, nas Igrejas e em seus próprios altares, propõem à veneração, sem justo motivo, múltiplos simulacros e efígies; daqueles que expõem relíquias não reconhecidas pela legítima autoridade; daqueles, enfim, que insistem em coisas particulares e de pouca importância, enquanto descuram as principais e necessárias, e, assim, tornam ridícula a religião, e envilecem a gravidade do culto.
175. Lembramos ainda o decreto "sobre novas formas de culto e de devoção a não introduzir",(170) cuja religiosa observância recomendamos à vossa vigilância.
176. Quanto à música, observem-se escrupulosamente as determinadas e claras normas emanadas desta Sé Apostólica. O canto gregoriano que a Igreja romana considera coisa sua, porque recebido da antiga tradição e guardado no correr dos séculos sob a sua cuidadosa tutela e que propõe aos fiéis como coisa também deles, prescrito como é de modo absoluto em algumas partes da liturgia,(171) não só acrescenta decoro e solenidade à celebração dos divinos mistérios, antes contribui extremamente até para aumentar a fé e a piedade dos assistentes. A esse propósito nossos predecessores de imortal memória, Pio X e Pio XI, estabeleceram - e nós de bom grado confirmamos com a nossa autoridade as disposições por eles dadas - que nos seminários e nos Institutos religiosos seja cultivado com estudo e diligência o canto gregoriano, e que, ao menos nas Igrejas mais importantes, sejam restauradas as antigas "Scholae cantorum"; como já foi feito com feliz resultado em não poucos lugares.(172)
177. Além disso, "para que os féis participem mais ativamente do culto divino, seja restaurado o canto gregoriano até no uso popular na parte que respeita ao povo. E urge verdadeiramente que os fiéis assistam às sagradas cerimônias não como espectadores mudos e estranhos, mas penetrados, intimamente, da beleza da liturgia... que alternem, segundo as normas prescritas, sua voz com a voz do sacerdote e dos cantores; se isso graças a Deus se verificar, então não acontecerá mais que o povo responda apenas com um leve e submisso murmúrio às orações comuns ditas em latim e em língua vulgar".(173) A multidão que assiste atentamente ao sacrifício do altar, no qual nosso Salvador, junto com os seus filhos remidos pelo seu sangue, canta o epitalâmio da sua imensa caridade, certamente não poderá calar, pois "cantar é proprio de quem ama",(174) e como já dizia o provérbio antigo: "Quem canta bem, reza duas vezes". Assim, a Igreja militante, clero e povo juntos, une a sua voz aos cantos da Igreja triunfante e aos coros angélicos, e todos juntos cantam um magnífico e eterno hino de louvor à Santíssima Trindade, como está escrito: "Com os quais te imploramos que sejam ouvidas ainda as nossas vozes".(175)
178. Não se pode, todavia, asseverar que a música e o canto moderno devam ser de todo excluídos do culto católico. Aliás, se nada têm de profano e de inconveniente à santidade do lugar e da ação sagrada, nem derivam de uma procura vã de efeitos extraordinários, certamente devemos abrir-lhes as portas de nossas Igrejas, podendo ambos contribuir não pouco para o esplendor dos ritos sagrados, para a elevação das mentes e, ao mesmo tempo, para a verdadeira devoção.
179. Nós vos exortamos ainda, veneráveis irmãos, a que tomeis cuidado em promover o canto religioso popular e a sua acurada execução feita com a dignidade conveniente, podendo isso estimular e aumentar a fé e a piedade das populações cristãs. Suba ao céu o canto uníssono e possante de nosso povo como o fragor das ondas do mar,(176) expressão canora e vibrante de um só coração e uma só alma, (177) como convém a irmãos e filhos de um mesmo Pai.(180). O que dissemos da música, se aplica às outras artes e especialmente à arquitetura, à escultura e à pintura. Não se devem desprezar e repudiar genericamente e por preconceitos as formas e imagens recentes, mais adaptadas aos novos materiais com os quais são hoje confeccionados; mas, evitando com sábio equilíbrio o excessivo realismo de uma parte e o exagerado simbolismo de outra, e tendo em conta as exigências da comunidade cristã, mais do que o juízo e o gosto pessoal dos artistas, é absolutamente necessário dar livre campo também à arte moderna, se esta serve com a devida reverência e a devida honra aos sagrados edifícios e ritos; de modo que ela possa unir a sua voz ao admirável cântico de glória que os gênios cantaram nos séculos passados a fé católica.
Não podemos deixar, porém, por dever de consciência, de deplorar e reprovar aquelas imagens e formas por alguns recentemente introduzidas, que parecem ser depravação e deformação da verdadeira arte e que, muitas vezes, repugnam abertamente ao decoro, à modéstia e à piedade cristã e ofendem, lamentavelmente, o genuíno sentimento religioso; elas devem ser mantidas absolutamente afastadas e postas fora das nossas igrejas como "em geral tudo que não está em harmonia com a santidade do lugar".(178)
181. Fiéis às normas e decretos dos pontífices, cuidai diligentemente, veneráveis irmãos, de iluminar e dirigir a mente e a alma dos artistas, aos quais será confiado hoje o encargo de restaurar e reconstruir tantas Igrejas destruídas ou arruinadas pela violência da guerra; possam e queiram eles, inspirando-se na religião, encontrar os motivos mais dignos e adaptados às exigências do culto; assim, com efeito, felizmente acontecerá que as artes humanas, como vindas do céu, brilhem com luz serena, promovam sumamente a humana civilização e contribuam para a glória de Deus e a santificação das almas, pois que as artes são, em verdade, como armas para a religião, quando servem "como nobilíssimas servas do culto divino".(179)
182. Mas há ainda uma coisa mais importante, veneráveis irmãos, que recomendamos de modo especial à vossa solicitude e ao vosso zelo apostólico. Tudo o que diz respeito ao culto religioso externo tem sua importância, mas urge sobretudo que os cristãos vivam a vida litúrgica e alimentem e fortaleçam seu espírito sobrenatural.
183. Providenciai, pois, alacremente, porque o jovem clero seja formado na inteligência das cerimônias sagradas, na compreensão de sua beleza e majestade, e aprenda diligentemente as rubricas, em harmonia com a sua formação ascética, teológica, jurídica e pastoral. E isso não somente por razões de cultura, não apenas para que o seminarista possa um dia cumprir os ritos da religião com a ordem, o decoro e a dignidade necessárias, mas sobretudo para que seja educado em íntima união com Cristo sacerdote e se torne um santo ministro de santidade.
184. Velai ainda de todo o modo para que, com os meios e subsídios que a vossa prudência julgar mais aptos, sejam o clero e o povo uma só mente e uma só alma; e, assim, o povo cristão participe ativamente da liturgia que se tornará em verdade a ação sagrada, pela qual o sacerdote que atende ao cuidado das almas em sua paróquia, unido com a assembléia do povo, renda ao Senhor o culto devido.
185. Para obter isso, será certamente útil que, piedosos meninos, bem instruídos sejam escolhidos entre todas as classes de fiéis, para que, com desinteresse e boa vontade, sirvam devota e assiduamente ao altar - encargo que deveria ser tido em grande consideração pelos pais, ainda que de alta condição social e cultura. Se esses jovens forem instruídos com o necessário cuidado e sob a vigilância de um sacerdote para que cumpram este seu ofício com reverência e constância, e em horas determinadas, tornar-se-á fácil o brotar entre eles de novas vocações sacerdotais; e não se queixará o clero de não encontrar - como infelizmente acontece por vezes até em regiões catolicíssimas - alguém que na celebração do augusto sacrifício lhe responda e o sirva.
186. Procurai, sobretudo, obter, com o vosso diligentíssimo zelo, que todos os fiéis assistam ao sacrifício eucarístico e dele recebam os mais abundantes frutos de salvação; exortai-os portanto assiduamente a dele participarem com devoção por todos aqueles modos legítimos dos quais falamos acima. O augusto sacrifício do altar é o ato fundamental do culto divino; é necessário, por isso, que ele seja a fonte, o centro da piedade cristã. Considerai que não tereis jamais suficientemente satisfeito ao vosso zelo apostólico senão quando virdes os vossos filhos aproximarem-se em grande número do celestial banquete que é "sacramento de piedade, sinal de unidade, vínculo de caridade". (180)
187. Para que, pois, o povo cristão possa conseguir esses dons sobrenaturais, sempre com maior abundância, instrui-o com zelo por meio de pregações oportunas e, especialmente, com discursos e ciclos de conferências, com semanas de estudo e com outras manifestações semelhantes, a respeito dos tesouros de piedade contidos na sagrada liturgia. Para esse fim estarão certamente à vossa disposição os membros da Ação católica, sempre prontos a colaborar com a hierarquia em promover o reino de Jesus Cristo.
188. É absolutamente necessário, porém, que em tudo isso vigieis atentamente a fim de que, no campo do Senhor, não se introduza o inimigo para semear a cizânia no meio do trigo,(181) para que, em outras palavras, não se infiltrem no vosso rebanho os perniciosos e sutis erros de um falso "misticismo" e de um nocivo "quietismo" - erros por nós já condenados como sabeis(182) - e para que as almas não sejam seduzidas por um perigoso "humanismo", nem se introduza uma falsa doutrina que altera a própria noção da fé, nem, enfim, um excessivo "arqueologismo" em matéria litúrgica. Cuidai com igual diligência por que não se difundam as falsas opiniões daqueles que erradamente crêem e ensinam que a natureza humana de Cristo glorificada esteja realmente e com a sua continua presença nos justificados, ou que uma graça única e idêntica junte Cristo com os membros do seu Corpo.
189. Não vos deixeis desanimar pelas dificuldades que nascem; jamais se desencoraje o vosso zelo pastoral. "Fazei soar a trombeta em Sião, convocai a assembléia, reuni o povo, santificai a Igreja, juntai os velhos, recolhei os meninos e os recém-nascidos" (183) e fazei por todos os meios que se encham em todos os lugares as Igrejas e os altares de cristãos, os quais, como membros vivos unidos à sua Cabeça divina, sejam revigorados pelas graças dos sacramentos, celebrem o augusto sacrifício com ele e por ele e dêem ao Eterno Pai os louvores devidos.
EPÍLOGO
190. Todas essas coisas, veneráveis irmãos, pretendíamos escrever-vos e o fazemos a fim de que os nossos e os vossos filhos compreendam melhor e mais estimem o preciosíssimo tesouro contido na sagrada liturgia - isto é, o sacrifício eucarístico que representa e renova o sacrifício da cruz, os sacramentos, rios de graça e de vida divina, e o hino de louvor que o céu e a terra elevam cada dia a Deus.
191. Seja-nos lícito esperar que estas nossas exortações excitem os tíbios e os recalcitrantes não somente a um estudo mais intenso e iluminado da liturgia, mas ainda a traduzir na prática da vida o seu espírito sobrenatural, como diz o apóstolo: "Não queirais extinguir o Espírito".(184)
192. Àqueles que um zelo excessivo leva muitas vezes a dizer e a fazer coisas que nos pesa não poder aprovar, repetimos a advertência de são Paulo: "Ponde tudo à prova; ficai com o que é bom";(185) e os admoestamos com ânimo paterno a consentirem haurir o seu modo de pensar e de agir da doutrina cristã, conforme os preceitos da imaculada esposa de Jesus Cristo e mãe dos santos.
193. A todos, enfim, lembramos a necessidade de uma generosa e fel obediência aos pastores, aos quais compete o direito e incumbe o dever de regular toda a vida da Igreja, sobretudo a espiritual. "Obedecei aos vossos superiores e sede-lhes dóceis. Eles, com efeito, velam sobre as vossas almas, e disso prestarão contas. Assim poderão fazê-lo com alegria e não gemendo".(186)
194. O Deus que adoramos, e que "não é Deus de discórdia mas de paz"(187), conceda, benigno a todos nós, participar neste exílio terreno, com uma só mente e um só coração, na sagrada liturgia, a qual seja como que preparação e prenúncio daquela celeste liturgia, com a qual, segundo confiamos, em companhia da excelsa Mãe de Deus e dulcíssima mãe nossa, cantaremos: "Àquele que se senta no trono e ao Cordeiro: louvor, honra e gloria por todos os séculos".(188)
Com essa exultante esperança a vós todos e a cada um, veneráveis irmãos e aos rebanhos confiados à vossa vigilância, como penhor dos dons celestes, e atestado da nossa particular benevolência, concedemos com grandíssimo afeto a bênção apostólica.
Dado em Castel Gandolfo, junto de Roma, no dia 20 de novembro do ano de 1947, IX do nosso pontificado.
PIO PP. XII
Reconhecidas as virtudes heróicas de Pio XII e João Paulo II, assim como o martírio do Padre Popieluszko
Promulgação de decretos da Congregação para as Causas dos Santos
Hoje, 19 de dezembro, o Santo Padre Bento XVI recebeu em audiência privada S. Exa. Dom Angelo Amato, SDB, Prefeito da Congregação para a Causas dos Santos. No curso da audiência, o Santo Padre autorizou a Congregação a promulgar os Decretos relativos a:
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione del Beato Stanislao Sołtys, chiamato Kazimierczyk, Sacerdote professo dell'Ordine dei Canonici Regolari Lateranensi; nato il 27 settembre 1433 a Kazimierz (Polonia) ed ivi morto il 3 maggio 1489;
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione del Beato Andrea Bessette (al secolo: Alfredo), Religioso professo della Congregazione di Santa Croce; nato a Saint-Grégoire d'Iberville (Canada) il 9 agosto 1845 e morto a Montréal (Canada) il 6 gennaio 1937;
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione della Beata Maria della Croce MacKillop (al secolo: Maria Elena), Fondatrice della Congregazione delle Suore di San Giuseppe del Sacro Cuore; nata il 15 gennaio 1842 a Fitzroy (Australia) e morta l'8 agosto 1909 a Sydney (Australia);
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione della Beata Giulia Salzano, Fondatrice della Congregazione delle Suore Catechiste del Sacro Cuore di Gesù; nata il 13 ottobre 1846 a Santa Maria Capua Vetere (Italia) e morta il 17 maggio 1929 a Casoria (Italia);
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione della Beata Battista da Varano (al secolo: Camilla), Monaca professa dell'Ordine di Santa Chiara e Fondatrice del Monastero di Santa Chiara nella città di Camerino; nata il 9 aprile 1458 a Camerino (Italia) ed ivi morta il 31 maggio 1524;
[os cinco beatos acima elencados serão proximamente canonizados]
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione del Venerabile Servo di Dio Giuseppe Tous y Soler, Sacerdote professo dell'Ordine dei Frati Minori Cappuccini e Fondatore della Congregazione delle Suore Cappuccine della Madre del Divin Pastore; nato il 31 marzo 1811 a Igualada (Spagna) e morto il 27 febbraio 1871 a Barcellona (Spagna);
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione del Venerabile Servo di Dio Leopoldo da Alpandeire Sánchez Márquez (al secolo: Francesco), Laico professo dell'Ordine dei Frati Minori Cappuccini; nato il 24 luglio 1866 ad Alpandeire (Spagna) e morto il 9 febbraio 1956 a Granada (Spagna);
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione del Venerabile Servo di Dio Emanuele Lozano Garrido, Laico; nato il 9 agosto 1920 a Linares (Spagna) ed ivi morto il 3 novembre 1971;
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione della Venerabile Serva di Dio Teresa Manganiello, Laica, del Terz'Ordine di San Francesco; nata a Montefusco (Italia) il 1 gennaio 1849 ed ivi morta il 4 novembre 1876;
- un miracolo, attribuito all'intercessione della Venerabile Serva di Dio Chiara Badano, Laica; nata a Sassello (Italia) il 29 ottobre 1971 ed ivi morta il 7 ottobre 1990;
[os 5 veneráveis servos de Deus acima elencados serão beatificados proximamente]
- il martirio del Servo di Dio Giorgio Popiełuszko, Sacerdote diocesano; nato il 14 settembre 1947 ad Okopy Suchowola (Polonia) e ucciso in odio alla Fede il 20 ottobre 1984 nei pressi di Włocławek (Polonia); [sua beatificação depende do reconhecimento de um milagre que lhe seja atribuído]
- le virtù eroiche del Beato Giacomo Illirico da Bitetto, Laico professo dell'Ordine dei Frati Minori; nato nel 1400 a Zara (Dalmazia) e morto intorno all'anno 1496 a Bitetto (Italia); [beatificado em 1700, a causa de sua canonização foi reaberta em 1986; um milagre atribuído a sua intercessão já está sob avaliação, ao fim da qual poderá ser canonizado]
- as virtudes heróicas do Servo de Deus PIO XII (Eugenio Pacelli), Sumo Pontífice; nascido em Roma em 2 de março de 1876 e morto em Castelgandolfo em 9 de outubro de 1958;
- as virtudes heróicas do Servo de Deus JOÃO PAULO II (Karol Wojtyła) Sumo Pontífice; nascido em 18 de maio de 1920 em Wadowice (Polônia) e morto em Roma em 2 de abril de 2005;
- le virtù eroiche del Servo di Dio Luigi Brisson, Sacerdote e Fondatore degli Oblati e delle Oblate di San Francesco di Sales; nato il 23 giugno 1817 a Plancy (Francia) ed ivi morto il 2 febbraio 1908;
- le virtù eroiche del Servo di Dio Giuseppe Quadrio, Sacerdote professo della Società Salesiana di San Giovanni Bosco; nato il 28 novembre 1921 a Vervio (Italia) e morto a Torino (Italia) il 23 ottobre 1963;
- le virtù eroiche della Serva di Dio Maria Ward (al secolo: Giovanna), Fondatrice dell'Istituto delle Suore della Beata Maria Vergine, oggi Congregazione di Gesù; nata a Mulwith (Inghilterra) il 23 gennaio 1585 e morta a Hewarth (Inghilterra) il 30 gennaio 1645;
- le virtù eroiche della Serva di Dio Antonia Maria Verna, Fondatrice dell'Istituto delle Suore della Carità dell'Immacolata Concezione dette d'Ivrea; nata a Pasquaro di Rivarolo (Italia) il 12 giugno 1773 ed ivi morta il 25 dicembre 1838;
- le virtù eroiche della Serva di Dio Maria Chiara Serafina di Gesù Farolfi (al secolo: Francesca), Fondatrice delle Suore Clarisse Francescane Missionarie del Ss.mo Sacramento; nata il 7 ottobre 1853 a Tossignano (Italia) e morta il 18 giugno 1917 a Badia di Bertinoro (Italia);
- le virtù eroiche della Serva di Dio Enrica Alfieri (al secolo: Maria Angela), Suora professa della Congregazione delle Suore della Carità di Santa Giovanna Antida Thouret; nata il 23 febbraio 1891 a Borgovercelli (Italia) e morta a Milano (Italia) il 23 novembre 1951;
- le virtù eroiche del Servo di Dio Giunio Tinarelli, Laico, Socio della Pia Unione Primaria Silenziosi Operai della Croce, nato a Terni (Italia) il 27 maggio 1912 ed ivi morto il 14 gennaio 1956.
[a beatificação dos 9 Servos de Deus acima elencados fica a depender do reconhecimento de um milagre atribuído a sua intercessão]
Fonte: Santa Sé
Vídeo em espanholA Igreja reconhece oficialmente “as virtudes heróicas” de Eugénio Pacelli e de Karol Wojtyla - os Papas Pio XII e João Paulo II, abrindo assim o caminho para os respectivos processos de beatificação. De facto, em audiência pessoal ao arcebispo D. Angelo Amato, Prefeito da Congregação das Causas dos Santos, Bento XVI autorizou a publicação de uma série de vinte e um decretos, dez dos quais relativos ao reconhecimento de milagres atribuídos à intercessão de outros tantos Beatos ou Veneráveis; um relativo ao martírio do Servo de Deus, padre Jorge Popieluszko, polaco; e finalmente outros dez decretos sobre as virtudes heróicas de dez Servos de Deus, entre os quais Pacelli e Wojtyla.
(Fonte: site Radio Vaticana)
Benedicto XVI firmará este sábado el decreto en que se reconocen las "virtudes heroicas del venerable Siervo de Dios" Juan Pablo II, paso clave para s
Podría ser beatificado el 16 de octubre de 2010
Marie Simon-Pierre fue curada sin explicación médica de la enfermedad de Parkinson en 2005
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Atentado de Agca contra Juan Pablo II 01
En noviembre pasado, la Congregación para la Causa de los Santos aprobó las "virtudes heroicas" de Juan Pablo II y la documentación pasó a Benedicto XVI quien firmará el decreto que convierte al Papa polaco (1978-2005) en "venerable".
Con ella se abre la última etapa antes de la beatificación propiamente dicha, ya que se inicia el examen del "milagro" atribuido a Juan Pablo II.
Se trata del caso de la monja francesa Marie Simon-Pierre, de la congregación de las Pequeñas Hermanas de las Maternidades Católicas, curada sin explicación médica de la enfermedad de Parkinson en 2005.
Este caso pasará ante una comisión médica, una comisión de teólogos y luego, finalmente, a la comisión de obispos y cardenales.
Benedicto XVI, deberá autorizar nuevamente a la Congregación para las Causas de los Santos a promulgar el decreto que reconoce el milagro atribuido al Papa polaco y éste podrá ser entonces beatificado.
Karol Wojtyla podría ser beatificado a finales del próximo año (previsiblemente, el 16 de octubre de 2010, 32 años después de ser elegido Papa), un poco más de cinco años después de su muerte, en un plazo incluso más breve que lo ocurrido con la Madre Teresa de Calcuta (1910-1997), beatificada seis años después de su desaparición.
El proceso de beatificación fue iniciado por Benedicto XVI dos meses después de la muerte el 2 de abril de 2005 de su predecesor, un plazo excepcionalmente breve.
Venerado ya en vida por los católicos, Juan Pablo II deberá unirse a la larga lista de beatos del cristianismo en un plazo relativamente corto.
El Papa también proclamará "beato" al religioso polaco Jerzy Popieluszko, padre Jerzy, conocido por defender el célebre sindicato Solidarnosc.
Secuestrado y asesinado por la policía del régimen comunista el 10 de octubre de 1984 tras celebrar su última misa, su caso es considerado un "martirio" por la Iglesia católica, por lo que no se necesita demostrar su intercesión en un milagro para ser beatificado.
(RD/Agencias)
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