terça-feira, 12 de março de 2013

Today is the Feast of St. Gregory the Great. San Gregorio Magno Los Arcangeles Miguel, Gabriel y Rafael

Archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael--St. Gregory the Great


The Archangels Michael,
Gabriel, and Raphael

Archangels - Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, Catholic CHurch, AngelsThis excerpt from a homily on the Gospels (Hom. 32, 8-9: PL 76, 1250-1251) by St. Gregory the Great is used in the Roman Catholic Office of Readings for the Feast of the Archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael on September 29. St. Gregory is one of the most prominent Early Church Fathers & Doctors of the Church.

You should be aware that the word “angel” denotes a function rather than a nature. Those holy spirits of heaven have indeed always been spirits. They can only be called angels when they deliver some message. Moreover, those who deliver messages of lesser importance are called angels; and those who proclaim messages of supreme importance are called archangels. And so it was that not merely an angel but the archangel Gabriel was sent to the Virgin Mary. It was only fitting that the highest angel should come to announce the greatest of all messages.

Some angels are given proper names to denote the service they are empowered to perform. In that holy city, where perfect knowledge flows from the vision of almighty God, those who have no names may easily be known. But personal names are assigned to some, not because they could not be known without them, but rather to denote their ministry when they came among us. Thus, Michael means “Who is like God”; Gabriel is “The Strength of God”; and Raphael is “God’s Remedy”.

Whenever some act of wondrous power must be performed, Michael is sent, so that his action and his name may make it clear that no one can do what God does by his superior power. So also our ancient foe desired in his pride to be like God, saying: I will ascend into heaven; I will exalt my throne above the stars of heaven; I will be like the Most High. He will be allowed to remain in power until the end of the world when he will be destroyed in the final punishment. Then, he will fight with the archangel Michael, as we are told by John: A battle was fought with Michael the archangel.

So too Gabriel, who is called God’s strength, was sent to Mary. He came to announce the One who appeared as a humble man to quell the cosmic powers. Thus God’s strength announced the coming of the Lord of the heavenly powers, mighty in battle. Raphael means, as I have said, God’s remedy, for when he touched Tobit’s eyes in order to cure him, he banished the darkness of his blindness. Thus, since he is to heal, he is rightly called God’s remedy.
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Epistles of St. Gregory the Great
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BOOK I:1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |9 |10 |11 |12 |16 |17 |18 |19 |20 |21 |25 |26 |27 |28 |29 |33 |34 |35 |36 |39 |41 |42 |43 |44 |46 |47 |48 |49 |50 |52 |56 |57 |58 |61 |62 |63 |66 |67 |72 |74 |75 |77 |78 |79 |80BOOK II:3 |6 |7 |9 |10 |12 |15 |18 |19 |20 |22 |23 |26 |27 |29 |30 |32 |33 |34 |36 |37 |41 |42 |46 |47 |48 |49 |51 |52 |54BOOK III:1 |2 |3 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |12 |15 |22 |29 |30 |31 |32 |33 |35 |36 |38 |45 |46 |47 |48 |49 |51 |53 |56 |57 |59 |60 |65 |66 |67BOOK IV:1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |11 |15 |18 |20 |21 |23 |24 |25 |26 |27 |29 |30 |31 |32 |33 |34 |35 |36 |38 |39 |46 |47BOOK V:2 |4 |5 |8 |11 |15 |17 |18 |19 |20 |21 |23 |25 |26 |29 |30 |36 |39 |40 |41 |42 |43 |48 |49 |52 |53 |54 |55 |56 |57 |58BOOK VI:1 |2 |3 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |12 |14 |15 |16 |17 |18 |22 |24 |25 |26 |27 |29 |30 |32 |34 |35 |37 |43 |44 |46 |48 |49 |50 |51 |52 |53 |54 |55 |56 |57 |58 |59 |60 |61 |63 |65 |66BOOK VII:2 |4 |5 |6 |7 |11 |12 |13 |15 |17 |19 |20 |23 |25 |26 |27 |28 |30 |31 |32 |33 |34 |35 |38 |39 |40 |42 |43BOOK VIII:1 |2 |3 |5 |6 |10 |13 |14 |15 |17 |18 |20 |21 |22 |23 |24 |29 |30 |33 |34 |35BOOK IX:1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |11 |12 |17 |18 |19 |23 |24 |26 |27 |33 |36 |41 |42 |43 |49 |55 |58 |59 |60 |61 |62 |65 |67 |68 |78 |79 |80 |81 |82 |91 |93 |94 |98 |105 |106 |107 |108 |109 |110 |111 |114 |115 |116 |117 |120 |121 |122 |123 |125 |127BOOK X:10 |15 |18 |19 |23 |24 |31 |35 |36 |37 |39 |42 |62 |63BOOK XI:1 |12 |13 |25 |28 |29 |30 |32 |33 |35 |36 |37 |38 |40 |44 |45 |46 |47 |50 |54 |55 |56 |57 |58 |59 |60 |61 |62 |63 |64 |65 |66 |67 |68 |69 |76 |77 |78BOOK XII:1 |8 |24 |25 |28 |29 |32 |50BOOK XIII:1 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |12 |18 |22 |26 |27 |31 |34 |38 |39 |40 |41 |42BOOK XIV:2 |4 |7 |8 |12 |13 |16 |17
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  Leo the Great, Gregory the Great


Table of Contents

Title Page.
The Letters and Sermons of Leo the Great.
Title Page.
Prefatory Note.
Introduction.
Letters.
To the Bishop of Aquileia.
To Septimus, Bishop of Altinum.
From Paschasinus, Bishop of Lilybæum.
To the Bishops appointed in Campania, Picenum, Etruria, and all the Provinces.
To the Metropolitan Bishops of Illyricum.
To Anastasius, Bishop of Thessalonica.
To the Bishops throughout Italy.
The Ordinance of Valentinian III. concerning the Manichæans.
To Dioscorus, Bishop of Alexandria.
To the Bishops of the Province of Vienne. In the matter of Hilary, Bishop of Arles.
An Ordinance of Valentinianus III.
To All the Bishops of Mauritania Cæsariensis.
To the Metropolitan Bishops in the Provinces of Illyricum.
To Anastasius, Bishop of Thessalonica.
To Turribius, Bishop of Asturia, upon the errors of the Priscillianists.
To the Bishops of Sicily.
To All the Bishops of Sicily.
To Januarius, Bishop of Aquileia.
To Dorus, Bishop of Beneventum.
To Eutyches, an Abbot of Constantinople.
From Eutyches to Leo.
The first from Flavian, Bp. of Constantinople to Pope Leo.
To Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Theodosius Augustus II.
From Peter Chrysologus, Bishop of Ravenna, to Eutyches, the Presbyter.
A Second One from Flavian to Leo.
To Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Flavian commonly called “the Tome.”
To Theodosius Augustus.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
To the Archimandrites of Constantinople.
To the Synod of Ephesus.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Theodosius Augustus.
To Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople.
To the Bishops of the Province of Arles in Gaul.
To Ravennius, Bishop of Arles.
To Ravennius, Bishop of Arles.
To Theodosius Augustus.
To Theodosius Augustus.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
From Hilary, then Deacon (afterwards Bishop of Rome) to Pulcheria Augusta.
To Anastasius, Bishop of Thessalonica.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople.
To the people of Constantinople, by the hand of Epiphanius and Dionysius, Notary of the Church of Rome.
To Faustus and other Presbyters and Archimandrites in Constantinople.
From Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus, to Leo. (See vol. iii. of this Series, p. 293.)
A Fragment of a Letter from Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Theodosius Augustus.
A Series of Letters.
To the Clergy and People of the City of Constantinople.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
To Martinus and Faustus, Presbyters.
A Series of Letters.
From the Bishops of the Province of Arles.
Leo's Reply to Letter LXV.
To Ravennius, Bishop of Arles.
From Three Gallic Bishops to St. Leo.
To Theodosius Augustus.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
To the Archimandrites of Constantinople.
To Faustus, One of the Archimandrites at Constantinople.
From Valentinian and Marcian.
To Martinus, Another of the Archimandrites at Constantinople.
To Faustus and Martinus Together.
From Marcianus Augustus to Leo.
From Pulcheria Augusta to Leo.
Leo's Answer to Marcianus.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Bishop Julian.
To Marcian Augustus.
To the Same Marcian.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Paschasinus, Bishop of Lilybæum.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To the Synod of Chalcedon.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Pulcheria Augusta by the Hand of Theoctistus the Magistrian.
To Ravennius, Bishop of Arles.
From Eusebius, Bishop of Milan, to Leo.
From the Synod of Chalcedon to Leo.
From Ravennus and Other Gallic Bishops.
From the Emperor Marcian.
From Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople, to Leo.
To the Gallic Bishops.
To the Gallic Bishops.
Leo, the Bishop, to Marcian Augustus.
To Pulcheria Augusta about the self-seeking of Anatolius.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople, in rebuke of his self-seeking.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Theodore, Bishop of Forum Julii.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
From Marcian Augustus.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To the Bishops Assembled in Synod at Chalcedon.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Pulcheria Augusta.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To the Same Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Maximus, Bishop of Antioch, by the hand of Marian the Presbyter, and Olympius the Deacon.
To Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus, on Perseverance in the Faith.
The former to Marcian Augustus, and the other to Julian the Bishop.
To Eudocia Augusta, about the Monks of Palestine.
To the Monks of Palestine.
To Julian, the Bishop, by Count Rodanus.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Proterius, Bishop of Alexandria.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
From Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople, to Leo.
From Proterius, Bishop of Alexandria, to Leo.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Anatolius.
To Marcian Augustus.
To the same, and on the same day.
To the Bishops of Gaul and Spain.
To Juvenal, Bishop of Jerusalem.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To the Same.
To Marcian Augustus.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Leo Augustus.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos, and Aetius, the Presbyter.
To Leo Augustus.
To Basil, Bishop of Antioch.
To Euxitheus, Bishop of Thessalonica (and Others).
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Julian, Bishop of Cos.
To Aetius, Presbyter of Constantinople.
To the Egyptian Bishops.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Leo Augustus.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To the Catholic Bishops of Egypt Sojourning in Constantinople.
To Nicætas, Bishop of Aquileia.
See Letter CLVIII.
To the Presbyters, Deacons and Clergy of the Church of Constantinople.
To Leo Augustus.
To Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople. By Patritius the Deacon the Deacon.
To Leo Augustus.
To Leo Augustus.
To Neo, Bishop of Ravenna.
To Rusticus, Bishop of Gallia Narbonensis, with the replies to his Questions on various points.
To all the Bishops of Campania, Samnium and Picenum.
To Leo Augustus.
To Gennadius, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Timothy, Bishop of Alexandria.
To the Presbyters and Deacons of the Church of Alexandria.
To Certain Egyptian Bishops.
Sermons.
Preached on his Birthday, or day of Ordination.
On his Birthday, II.: Delivered on the Anniversary of his Consecration.
On His Birthday, III: Delivered on the Anniversary of his Elevation to the Pontificate.
Upon the Collections, IV.
On the Collections, V.
On the Fast of The Tenth Month, I.
On the Fast of the Tenth Month.
On the Fast of the Tenth Month, VI.
On the Fast of the Ten Month, VIII.
On the Feast of the Nativity, I.
On the Feast of the Nativity, II.
On the Feast of the Nativity, III.
On the Feast of the Nativity, IV.
On the Feast of the Nativity, VI.
On the Feast of the Nativity, VII.
On the Festival of the Nativity, VIII.
On the Feast of the Epiphany, I.
On the Feast of the Epiphany, III.
On the Feast of the Epiphany, IV.
On the Feast of the Epiphany, VI.
On Lent, I.
On Lent, II.
On Lent, IV.
On Lent, VIII.
On Lent, XI.
A Homily delivered on the Saturday before the Second Sunday in Lent--on the Transfiguration, S. Matt. xvii. 1-13.
On the Passion, III.; delivered on the Sunday before Easter.
On the Lord's Passion IV., delivered on Wednesday in Holy Week.
On the Passion, VII.
On the Passion, VIII.: on Wednesday in Holy Week.
On the Passion, XI.
On the Passion, XII.: preached on Wednesday.
On the Passion, XVI.: delivered on the Sunday.
On the Passion, XVII.: delivered on the Wednesday.
On the Lord's Resurrection, I.; delivered on Holy Saturday in the Vigil of Easter.
On the Lord's Resurrection, II.
On the Lord's Ascension, I.
On the Lord's Ascension, II.
On Whitsuntide, I.
On Whitsuntide, III.
On the Whitsuntide Fast, I.
On the Feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul (June 29).
Concerning the Neglect of the Commemoration.
On the Feast of S. Laurence the Martyr (Aug. 10).
On the Fast of the Seventh Month, III.
On the Fast of Seventh Month, V.
On the Fast of the Seventh Month, VI.
A Homily on the Beatitudes, St. Matt. v. 1-9.
The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the Great.
Title Page.
Prefatory Note.
Prolegomena.
The Book of Pastoral Rule.
Preface.
Part I.
Of the Life of the Pastor.
How the Ruler, While Living Well, Ought to Teach and Admonish Those that are Put Under Him.
Prologue.
What diversity there ought to be in the art of preaching.
How the poor and the rich should be admonished.
How the joyful and the sad are to be admonished.
How subjects and prelates are to be admonished.
How servants and masters are to be admonished.
How the wise and the dull are to be admonished.
How the impudent and bashful are to be admonished.
How the forward and the faint-hearted are to be admonished.
How the impatient and the patient are to be admonished.
How the kindly-disposed and the envious are to be admonished.
How the simple and the crafty are to be admonished.
How the whole and the sick are to be admonished.
How those who fear scourges and those who contemn them are to be admonished.
How the silent and the talkative are to be admonished.
How the slothful and the hasty are to be admonished.
How the meek and the passionate are to be admonished.
How the humble and the haughty are to be admonished.
How the obstinate and the fickle are to be admonished.
How those who use food intemperately and those who use it sparingly are to be admonished.
How to be admonished are those who give away what is their own, and those who seize what belongs to others.
How those are to be admonished who desire not the things of others, but keep their own; and those who give of their own, yet seize on those of others.
How those that are at variance and those that are at peace are to be admonished.
How sowers of strifes and peacemakers are to be admonished.
How the rude in sacred learning, and those who are learned but not humble, are to be admonished.
How those are to be admonished who decline the office of preaching out of too great humility, and those who seize on it with precipitate haste.
How those are to be admonished with whom everything succeeds according to their wish, and those with whom nothing does.
How the married and the single are to be admonished.
How those are to be admonished who have had experience of the sins of the flesh, and those who have not.
How they are to be admonished who lament sins of deed, and those who lament only sins of thought.
How those are to be admonished who abstain not from the sins which they bewail, and those who, abstaining from them, bewail them not.
How those are to be admonished who praise the unlawful things of which they are conscious, and those who while condemning them, in no wise guard against them.
How those are to be admonished who sin from sudden impulse and those who sin deliberately.
How those are to be admonished who commit very small but frequent faults, and those who, while avoiding such as are very small, are sometimes plunged in such as are grievous.
How those are to be admonished who do not even begin good things, and those who do not finish them when begun.
How those are to be admonished who do bad things secretly and good things openly, and those who do contrariwise.
Concerning the exhortation to be addressed many at once, that It may so aid the virtues of each among them that vices contrary to such virtues may not grow up through it.
Of the exhortation to be applied to one person, who labours under contrary passions.
That sometimes lighter vices are to be left alone, that more grievous ones may be removed.
That deep things ought not to be preached at all to weak souls.
Of the work and the voice of preaching.
How the Preacher, When He Has Accomplished All Aright, Should Return to Himself, Lest Either His Life or His Preaching Lift Him Up.
Register of the Epistles of St. Gregory the Great.
The Month of September, Indiction IX., Being the First Year of His Ordination.
To all the Bishops of Sicily.
To Justinus, Prætor of Sicily.
To Paul, Scholasticus.
To John, Bishop of Constantinople.
To Theoctista, Sister of the Emperor.
To Narses, Patrician.
To Anastasius, Patriarch of Antioch.
To Peter the Subdeacon.
To Bacauda and Agnellus, Bishops.
To Clementina, Patrician.
To John, Bishop of Urbs Vetus (Orvieto).
To Severus, Bishop of Aquileia.
To all the Bishops of Italy.
To Peter the Subdeacon.
To Natalis, Bishop of Salona.
To Honoratus, Deacon of Salona.
To Natalis, Bishop of Salona.
To John, Bishop of Constantinople, and the Other Patriarchs.
To Anastasius, Patriarch of Antioch.
To Anastasius, Archbishop of Corinth.
To Sebastian, Bishop of Rhisinum [in Dalmatia].
To Aristobulus, Ex-Prefect and Antigraphus.
To Romanus, Patrician, and Exarch of Italy.
To Venantius, Ex-Monk, Patrician of Syracuse.
To Peter, Bishop of Terracina.
To Peter the Subdeacon.
To Anthemius, Subdeacon.
To Peter, Subdeacon.
To Anthemius, Subdeacon.
To Leander Bishop of Hispalis (Seville).
To Peter, Subdeacon of Sicily.
To Peter the Subdeacon.
To Virgilius, Bishop of Arelate (Arles) and Theodorus, Bishop of Massilia (Marseilles).
To Theodorus, Duke of Sardinia.
To Honoratus, Deacon.
To Anthemius the Subdeacon.
To Symmachus the Defensor.
To Peter, Subdeacon.
To Severus, Bishop.
To Arsicinus Duke, the Clergy, Nobility, and Common People (ordini et plebi) of the City of Ariminum.
To Gennadius, Patrician and Exarch of Africa.
To Januarius, Archbishop of Caralis (Cagliari) in Sardinia.
To Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari) in Sardinia.
To Felix, Bishop of Messana (Messene).
To Peter, Subdeacon.
To Peter, Subdeacon.
To Gennadius, Patrician and Exarch of Africa.
To Gennadius, Patrician, and Exarch throughout Africa.
To All the Bishops of Numidia.
To Leo, Bishop in Corsica.
To Martinus, Bishop in Corsica.
To the Clergy and Nobles of Corsica.
Book II.
Book III.
Book IV.
Book V.
Book VI.
Book VII.
Book VIII.
Indexes

Los Arcangeles Miguel, Gabriel y Rafael

Los Arcangeles Miguel, Gabriel y Rafael
San Gregorio Magno
Padre y Doctor de la Iglesia
Los Arcangeles Miguel, Gabriel y RafaelEste extracto de una homilía de San Gregorio Magno sobre los Evangelios (Hom. 32, 8-9: PL 76, 1250-1251), es usado en el Oficio Romano para las lecturas de la Fiesta de los Arcángeles el 29 de Septiembre. San Gregorio es uno de los más prominentes Padres y Doctores de la Iglesia.

La voz ángel es nombre del oficio, no de la naturaleza, pues, aunque los santos espíritus de la patria celeste sean todos espirituales, sin embargo no a todos se les puede llamar ángeles. Solamente son ángeles (que significa mensajero) cuando por ellos se anuncian algunas cosas. De ahí que afirme el salmista: hace ángeles suyos a los espíritus (Sal 103,4); como si claramente dijera que Dios, cuando quiere, hace también ángeles, mensaJeros, a los espíritus celestiales que siempre tiene consigo.

Los que anuncian cosas de menor monta se llaman simplemente ángeles, y los que manifiestan las más importantes, arcángeles. De ahí que a María no se le manda un ángel cualquiera, sino el arcángel San Gabriel pues era justo que para esto viniese un ángel de los más encumbrados, a anunciar la mejor de las nuevas. Por esta razón, los arcángeles gozan de nombres particulares, a fin de que—por medio de los hombres—se dé a conocer su gran poderío (...).

Miguel significa ¿quién como Dios?; Gabriel, la fortaleza de Dios; y Rafael, la medicina de Dios. Cuantas veces se realiza algo que exige un poder maravilloso, es enviado San Miguel, para que por la obra y por el nombre se muestre que nadie puede hacer lo que hace Dios. Por eso, a aquel antiguo enemigo que aspiró, en su soberbia, a ser semejante a Dios, diciendo: escalaré el cielo; sobre las estrellas de Dios levantaré mi trono; me sentaré sobre el monte del testamento, al lado del septentrión; sobrepujaré la altura de las nubes y seré semejante al Altísimo (Is 14, 13-14); al fin del mundo, para que perezca en el definitivo suplicio, será dejado en su propio poder y habrá de pelear con el Arcángel San Miguel, como afirma San Juan: se trabó una batalla con el arcángel San Miguel (Ap 12, 7). De este modo, aquél que se erigió, soberbio, e intentó ser semejante a Dios, aprenderá—derrotado por San Miguel—que nadie debe alzarse altaneramente con la pretensión de asemejarse a Dios.

A María es enviado San Gabriel, que se llama la fortaleza de Dios, porque venía a anunciar a Aquél que se dignó aparecer humilde para pelear contra las potestades infernales. De Él dice el salmista: levantad, ¡oh príncipes!, vuestras puertas, y elevaos vosotras, ¡oh puertas de la eternidad!, y entrará el Rey de la gloria... (Sal 23, 7). Y también: el Señor de los ejércitos, ése es el Rey de la gloria (ibid. 10). Luego el Señor de los ejércitos y fuerte en las batallas, que venía a guerrear contra los poderes espirituales, debía ser anunciado por la fortaleza de Dios.

Asimismo Rafael significa, como hemos dicho, la medicina de Dios; porque cuando, haciendo oficio de médico, tocó los ojos de Tobías, hizo desaparecer las tinieblas de su ceguera. Luego es justo que se llamara medicina de Dios.